Combination coat colors in dogs + merle

Combination coat colors in dogs + merle

This combined test covers a set of core genetic markers that play a major role in determining a dog’s coat colour, pattern, and pigment expression. Each locus adds a different piece to the genetic puzzle, helping you understand both your dog’s appearance and what traits they may pass on.

1. Locus D (allele d1)
This locus controls colour dilution. The d1 variant can lighten black, brown, or red pigment, creating colours such as blue, lilac, or Isabella. Testing it helps identify diluted dogs and carriers.

2. Locus E
The E locus determines whether a dog can produce dark pigment (eumelanin). It affects traits like black masks and recessive red. Some variants at this locus can override other colour genes, making it important for predicting pigment expression.

3. Locus I
This locus influences the intensity of red-based colours—shades like cream, fawn, apricot, or deep red. Dogs that appear similar may carry different intensity variants, and this test helps clarify those differences.

4. Locus K (KB allele only)
The KB allele at the K locus produces a dominant black coat and can mask patterns from other loci. Knowing whether a dog carries KB helps breeders understand if patterned puppies are possible.

5. Locus A (Ay, aw, at, a)
The A locus defines several key patterns: fawn/sable (Ay), wolf-sable (aw), tan points (at), and recessive black (a). These variants shape the dog’s overall pattern and are essential for accurate colour and pattern predictions.

6. Locus B
This locus affects brown versus black pigmentation. Variants here produce chocolate, liver, or brown coats and also influence nose and paw pad colouring. Testing it helps determine whether a dog carries or expresses brown pigment.

7. + merle
The M locus identifies the merle pattern, a mottled coat with patches of diluted colour. Merle can affect coat, eye colour, and—when two merle dogs are bred together—may pose health risks. Testing this locus is crucial for responsible breeding decisions.